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These are all host discovery techniques ( ping types) used inĬombination to determine which targets on a network really available and avoid Very flexible syntax, even allowing the specification of a differing Specified -p0-65535 if he wanted to scan the rather This is more comprehensive than the default, which is to scan only the 1,000 ports which we've found to be most commonly accessible in large-scale Internet testing. The default scan type, but stating it explicitly does notġ-65535. Wanted to do a UDP scan, but he is saving that for later. Felix would have added a U at the end if he also These options are described in later chapters, but here is aĮnables the efficient TCP port scanning technique After aīit of consideration, Felix settles on the following command: In whether the administrators of AO even notice these blatant scans.
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Remote operating system via a series of low-level TCP/IP probes knownĪll stealthy, but that does not concern Felix. He also requests that Nmap try to guess the He uses Nmap features that try toĭetermine the application and version number of each service listening Give Felix a rough idea of how many machines are in use and a good No otherīusinesses seem to share the IP space. Reading over the results, Felix finds that all of the machinesĮntries resolve to Avatar Online. Nmap done: 1280 IP addresses (0 hosts up) scanned in 331.49 seconds Penetrating their networks, but will not help if Felix accidentallyĬompromises another company's server! The command he uses and an excerpt ofįelix> nmap -sL 6.209.24.0/24 6.207.0.0/22 With Avatar Online may act as a get-out-of-jail-free card for Scanning the wrong company would be a disaster. The systemsĪdministrator who provided the IPs might have made a mistake, and Felix is doing this for another reason-toĭouble-check that the IP ranges are correct. Names of the hosts can hint at potential vulnerabilities and allow forĪ better understanding of the target network, all without raising alarmīells. Netblock(s) and does a reverse-DNS lookup (unless -n Thisįeature simply enumerates every IP address in the given target Known as an Nmap list scan ( -sL option). Felix subconsciouslyĪnd recognizes this as 1,280 IP addresses.īeing the careful type, Felix first starts out with what is Felix checks the IP whois records anyway andĬonfirms that these IP ranges are allocated to AO. Networks they want tested: the corporate network onĦ.209.24.0/24 and their production/DMZ systems residing onĦ.207.0.0/22.
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But in this case, Avatar Online explicitly specified what Queries and zone transfer attempts, various web sleuthing techniques,Īnd more. (or another geographical registry) lookups, DNS Those hosts are offering, general network topology details, and whatįirewall/filtering policies are in effect.ĭetermining the IP ranges to scan would normally be an elaborate Ranges the target is using, what hosts are available, what services This reconnaissance stage determines what IP address The first step in a vulnerability assessment is networkĭiscovery. Felix is permitted to exploit any vulnerabilities found.
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On physical security, source code auditing, social engineering, and soįorth. The firewall) vulnerability assessment while his partners work Felix's task is to initiate an external (from outside After witnessing the high-profile leak of Valve Software's upcoming game source code, AO quickly Neil Stevenson's Snow Crash, is fascinating but Their product, inspired by the Metaverse envisioned in Generation of massive multi-player online role-playing games To announce that the sales department closed a pen-testingĭeal with the Avatar Online gaming company.Īvatar Online (AO) is a small company working to create the next Was not disappointed when his boss interrupted his antenna soldering Than keeping his creative exploits secret, he can bragĪbout them to client management when presenting his reports. Of contractual immunity from prosecution and even a paycheck! Rather Same types of network intrusions as before, but with the added benefit As a professional, he is able to perform the Without a criminal record, while retaining his expert knowledge of Fortunately Felix emerged from adolescence Him too far, and Felix was almost swept up in the 1990 Operation Since a childhood spent learning everything he could about networking, Hacking has been his hobby and fascination His latest hobby of building powerful Wi-Fi antennas for wirelessĪssessments and war driving exploration. Penetration-testing firm he works for has been quiet lately due
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Felix dutifully arrives at work on December 15th, although heĭoes not expect many structured tasks.